What is a Thermal Runaway Protection Pad

Thermal runaway is a critical and often - feared phenomenon that occurs within batteries, especially rechargeable lithium - ion batteries which are widely used in various applications such as electric vehicles, energy storage systems, and portable electronic devices.

During the normal operation of a battery, a series of electrochemical reactions take place to convert chemical energy into electrical energy or vice versa during charging. However, under certain abnormal conditions, thermal runaway can be triggered. When a battery experiences an internal short - circuit, for example, due to a manufacturing defect, physical damage (such as a puncture in the battery casing), or over - charging, the current flow becomes uncontrolled. This leads to an increase in the rate of the electrochemical reactions within the battery. As these reactions accelerate, more heat is generated.